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What is an Eating Disorder?

There are many types of “eating styles” and habits that can support us to stay healthy. There are some, however, that are driven by an intense worry and fear about our weight, which can affect our health. These are the conditions we call Eating Disorders.

Eating disorders can involve:

- eating too much,
- eating too little,
- using harmful ways of getting rid of calories.

However, there is more to eating disorders than the eating behaviour. People with eating disorders can find themselves checking and worrying about their weight constantly and finding ways to avoid taking in calories or to burn them off.

There are two main types of eating disorder: Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. It is common for somebody to move from one to another or experience both in their lifetime. They are not the only types, the NHS website provides an overview of most common types of eating disorder, their signs and symptoms, as well as some information on how to get help for eating disorders for patients and carers.

Anyone can get an eating disorder. Young people (teenagers) are most affected. Beat, the UK Eating Disorders Charity, provide more information on types of eating disorders.

Anorexia

Anorexia nervosa, one of the most common eating disorders, is normally about:

  • Restricting what you eat.
  • Significant weight loss and/or low body weight for age, sex, and development.
  • Having an intense fear of gaining weight, being fat, or becoming fat.
  • Using behaviour that interferes with weight gain, such as exercising too much.
  • There is usually a disturbance in the way body weight or shape is experienced, and/or body weight or shape has too much influence over self-image.

People with anorexia nervosa often struggle to accept the seriousness of their condition.

Bulimia

Bulimia nervosa is a common eating disorder. It can involve a cycle of binge eating (eating a large amount of food in a short time) followed by extreme compensating behaviours like vomiting, using laxatives, fasting, or over-exercising.

  • During a binge, it can feel like a loss of control over what or how much you’re eating.
  • These behaviours often happen when someone is feeling stressed, upset, or overwhelmed.
  • People with bulimia may also feel very focused on their weight or body shape, which can affect how they see themselves.

What might help

Getting better from an eating disorder takes time, but there are things that can help. These ideas can support building healthier coping skills:

Talk to someone. A family member, friend, teacher, or support worker. Start with a trusted person.

When feeling upset, try distractions activities such as drawing or painting, writing in a journal, or watching a favourite film.

Notice the way you speak to yourself about your body, food and behaviour. Begin to add positive statements, letting go of the negative statements. 

 Make a list of positive statements you can make about yourself. Pick one and say it daily for a week

 Look forward to things. Choose three things each day (not food-related) that you’re excited about, even small things count!

 Try relaxation activities such as meditation, mindfulness, or deep breathing. There are many apps available: Smiling Mind Headspace

 Avoid triggering conversations. If people are talking about dieting, weight, or body image, it’s okay to change the subject or walk away.

 Be mindful of social media. Unfollow accounts that promote unrealistic or unhealthy body ideals and disordered eating. Follow people who make you feel good instead.

Managing Distress

Anxiety might feel most intense just before, during, or after eating. These ideas can help:

Talk about something else. Chat about things that happened that day, hobbies, or something funny.

 Use distractions. Play music, listen to the radio, or try trivia questions or puzzles at the table.

Do something together after meals. Watch a show, play a game, or go for a walk with family or friends.

 

 Remember, if the people around know and understand these difficulties, they can help with these things.

 

Need More Support?

The BEAT website offers information and links to support for young people and their families specifically regarding eating disorders: BEAT Website

Editorial Information

Last reviewed: 04/02/2026

Next review date: 04/02/2027

Author(s): NHSGGC Specialist Children’s Services Professional Psychology lead (former)..

Approved By: NHSGGC Specialist Children’s Services Professional Psychology lead (current) & NHSGGC CAMHS Clinical Governance Executive Committee

Reviewer name(s): NHSGGC MH Supported Self-Management App Editorial Group, NHSGGC Specialist Children’s Services Research & Development Manager.