Abdominal Pain in Children

Patient information leaflets
NHS Borders

NHS Borders

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"Information given on this site is not meant to take the place of a talk with your doctor or health worker."

Introduction

Abdominal (tummy) pain is very common in children. Most cases are mild and short-lived, but it can sometimes be a sign of a more serious condition. 

Children may describe pain in different ways – sharp, crampy, or dull – and it can be hard for young children to explain what they’re feeling. 

Common Causes of Abdominal Pain

Most tummy aches in children are not serious and go away on their own. 

Common causes include: 

  • Constipation – hard or infrequent stools 
  • Trapped wind or indigestion 
  • Viral infections – can cause stomach upset or "gastroenteritis" 
  • Anxiety or stress – e.g. starting school, separation 
  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) 
  • Food-related causes – overeating or food intolerance 

Caring for Your Child at Home

If your child is otherwise well, you can try: 

  • Encouraging rest and fluids 
  • Offering small, light meals 
  • Using a warm compress on the tummy 
  • Giving pain relief (paracetamol or ibuprofen) 
  • Ensuring your child passes a bowel movement – this often helps! 

If your child improves with these steps, there is usually no need for further action. 

When to See a GP or Call NHS 24

Contact your GP or NHS 24 (111) if your child has: 

  • Pain that lasts more than 24–48 hours 
  • Frequent or severe constipation 
  • Burning or stinging when passing urine 
  • Loss of appetite or ongoing vomiting 
  • Tummy pain that keeps returning 
  • Pain made worse by movement or coughing 

When to Go to the Emergency Department

Come to A&E or call 999 if your child: 

  • Has severe or sudden pain that doesn't ease 
  • Has blood in their vomit or stool 
  • Is very drowsy or hard to wake 
  • Has a swollen, hard, or tender tummy 
  • Has green (bile) vomit 
  • Has a high fever and appears very unwell 
  • Is unable to wee, or hasn’t in over 12 hours 

These may indicate a serious condition, such as appendicitis, a bowel blockage, or urinary infection needing urgent treatment. 

General Advice for Parents

  • Keep a diary of pain episodes – timing, location, food, bowel movements 
  • Be calm and reassuring – anxiety can worsen symptoms 
  • Encourage hydration and regular toilet habits 
  • Do not give laxatives unless advised by a healthcare professional 

Editorial Information

Next review date: 19/11/2028

Author(s): McCarthy C.

Co-Author(s): Jeffs S.

Approved By: Clinical Governance & Quality

Reviewer name(s): McCarthy C, Jeffs S.