Endoscopy Unit
Borders General Hospital
telephone: 01896 826440
Working Hours
Monday - Friday 08:00 to 18:00
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The oesophagus (food pipe/gullet) carries food from the mouth to the stomach and is lined by cells similar to that of the skin (squamous cells); these cells are pinkish-white and flat.
In Barrett’s oesophagus, the cells become tall and red (columnar cells). These cells can also vary in appearance; some resemble the stomach lining, others that of the small intestine (intestinal metaplasia).
It is thought that long-term exposure of the oesophagus to acid reflux (gastro oesophageal reflux disease – GORD) causes Barrett’s oesophagus. The oesophagus does not have a protective lining against the acid produced in the stomach, therefore over exposure to this acid can cause inflammation and pain (oesophagitis).
The oesophagus usually heals with time, but the abnormal cells develop as the lining heals after being damaged by the acid. Overtime these changed cells can develop into something called ‘dysplasia’, which is a precancerous condition.
Not everyone with dysplasia will develop cancer, but it does increase the risk.
Surveillance:
If you have Barrett’s you will sometimes be monitored closely by having regular endoscopies or a capsule sponge test. The decision on how often to undertake surveillance is based on a discussion between the patient and the Consultant, length of Barrett’s segment, pathology results and health factors.
Sometimes people will be offered procedures that treat or remove the damaged segment of the oesophagus.
Surgery:
If this is seen as beneficial, you will be referred to a surgeon to discuss this. Surgery can be performed to strengthen the valve at the bottom of the oesophagus to prevent further reflux, or to remove the abnormal cells.
Other treatments such as Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) or Argon Plasma Coagulation may be considered for treatment of Barrett’s.
Lifestyle Changes:
Further Information:
Patient information leaflets