Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SPONK)

Warning

Please see list of red flags

Assessment

Signs & symptoms

  • Typically unilateral medial
  • Sudden onset of severe knee pain
  • Effusion
  • Limited joint range of motion
  • Most commonly affects medial condyle
  • Tenderness along joint line
  • Pain at night and on weight bearing

Risk factors

  • Female> males over 60
  • Secondary osteonecrosis- risk factors as avascular necrosis (AVN)
  • Third type- post-arthroscopic.

When & how to refer

Refer to urgently/ routinely to Orthopaedics depending on severity of symptoms.

Editorial Information

Next review date: 01/10/2027

Author(s): Reid J.

Version: 01.0

Approved By: Trauma & Orthopaedics Acute Governance