Warning

Audience

  • All NHS Highland 

Patients with head injuries are the most common type of trauma seen in the Emergency Department (ED) and can represent up to 10% of all presentations.

Most of these are minor and can safely be discharged. But missing serious pathology can have major implications. It is important, therefore, to be able to recognise the red flag features and instigate appropriate investigations, management and specialist referral early. (Bickley 2024)

Further information for Health Care Professionals

A study by Seeley et al in 2013 surveying the attendance of patients presenting to ED with a Head Injury over a 6 month period found that:

  • In the 873 patients who presented with HI but were not admitted to hospital head injury advice was only documented in 122 patients records.
  • In the 208 patients admitted head injury advice was only documented 49 patients’ records.

Following a short audit of patients presenting to Raigmore Hospital ED between October to December 2023 we found that:

  • 76 patients presented with a recorded head injury (Recorded as: uncomplicated HI-31, intracranial injury:7, and Head injury:30)
  • Of these 76 patients: 27 were admitted (11 to  general surgery, 7 to acute medical, 6 to SHDU, 2 to ICU, 1 to Ortho).
  • Following discharge home: 9 patients (33%) had a re-presentation to ED with complications related to their HI.

A working group based in Raigmore hospital discussed the use and efficacy of a head injury discharge check list to ensure clear, consistent, and evidenced, assessment and documentation on advice and support given.

This checklist document has been approved by the Senior Leadership Team and, upon implementation, will be audited by the Major trauma rehab coordinators to monitor its implementation and effectiveness.

Checklist is available via the link at the top of this document Further copies are available from the Major trauma rehab team intranet page, the Head injury section on the ED intranet page, and on TAM.


Further guidance on head injury severity clarification is available via ‘Traumatic brain injury guidelines’ on TAM

References

  • Josh Bickley (2024), Head Injury in Adults, Codes: SLO4, TP1 / Published: 06/02/2024    available from www.rcemlearning.co.uk/foamed/head-injury-in-adults/
  • Seeley et al (2014), Service use following attendance at an emergency department with an head injury: a 6-month survey. Emergency Medicine Journal 2014;31:724-729.

Editorial Information

Last reviewed: 20/11/2025

Next review date: 30/11/2026

Author(s): Major Trauma Rehab Team .

Version: 1.1

Approved By: TAM Subgroup of the ADTC

Reviewer name(s): D Speirs, Trauma Rehab Coordinator.

Document Id: TAM681

Related resources

Further information for Patients